- AgelJ. (Ed.). (1971). The radical therapist. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.
- AllenJ. R.AllenB. A. (1999). On receiving the 1998 Eric Berne memorial award for theory. Transactional Analysis Journal, 29, 11–13.
- AngyalA. (1941). Foundations for a science of personality. New York: Commonwealth Fund.
- AngyalA. (1973). Neurosis and treatment: A holistic theory. New York, NY: Wiley. (Original work published 1965).
- AureliusM. (1964). Meditations (StaniforthM., Trans.). Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.
- Barrett-LennardG. T. (1983). Understanding the person-centered approach to therapy: A reply to questions and misconceptions. In McIlduffE.CoghlanD. (Eds.), The person-centered approach and cross-cultural communication: An international review (Vol. I, pp. 99–113). Dublin, Ireland: Center for Cross-Cultural Communication.
- Barrett-LennardG. T. (1997). The recovery of empathy: Towards others and self. In BohartA. C.GreenbergL. S. (Eds.), Empathy reconsidered: New directions in Psychotherapy (pp. 103–121). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- BerneE. (1963). The structure and dynamics of organizations and groups. New York, NY: Grove Press.
- BerneE. (1966). Principles of group treatment. New York, NY: Grove Press.
- BerneE. (1968). Games people play: The psychology of human relationships. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin. (Original work published 1964).
- BerneE. (1977). Primal images and primal judgment. In BerneE., Intuition and ego states: The origins of transactional analysis (McCormickP., Ed.) (pp. 67–97). San Francisco, CA: TA Press. (Original work published 1955).
- BohartA. C. (1991). Empathy in client-centered therapy: A contrast with psychoanalysis and self psychology. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 31 (1), 34–48.
- BohartA. C.GreenbergL. S. (Eds.). (1997). Empathy reconsidered: New directions in Psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- BohartA.RosenbaumR. (1995). The dance of empathy: Empathy, diversity, and technical eclecticism. The Person-Centered Journal, 2, 5–29.
- BohartA. C.TallmanK. (1999). How clients make therapy work: The process of active self-healing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- BozarthJ. D. (1998). Research on Psychotherapy outcome and the person-centered approach. In BozarthJ. D., Person-centered therapy: A revolutionary paradigm (pp. 163–173). Ross-on-Wye, England: PCCS Books.
- BrodleyB. T. (2001). Observations of empathic understanding in a client-centered practice. In HaughS.MerryT. (Eds.), Empathy (pp. 16–37). Ross-on-Wye, England: PCCS Books.
- BuberM. (1937). I and thou (SmithR. G., Trans.). Edinburgh, Scotland: T. & T. Clark.
- BuberM. (1962). Werke. Erster band: Schriften zur philosophie [Works. Volume one: Philosophical writings]. Munich, Germany: Lambert Schneider Verlag.
- BuberM. (1963). Werke. Dritter band: Schriften zum chassidismus [Works. Volume three: Writings on Hasidism]. Munich, Germany: Lambert Schneider Verlag.
- CaracushanskyS. (1980). Self-actualization and cure. Transactional Analysis Journal, 10, 322–325.
- CaracushanskyS. R.GiampeitroA. C. (1987). The use of myths and fairy tales in a Bernian approach to Psychotherapy. Transactional Analysis Journal, 17, 277–285.
- ClarkB. D. (1991). Empathic transactions in the deconfusion of child ego states. Transactional Analysis Journal, 21, 92–98.
- CooperM. (2001). Embodied empathy. In HaughS.MerryT. (Eds.), Empathy (pp. 218–229). Ross-on-Wye, England: PCCS Books.
- CornellW. F.Bonds-WhiteF. (2001). Therapeutic relatedness in transactional analysis: The truth of love or the love of truth. Transactional Analysis Journal, 31, 71–83.
- CornellW. F.LandaicheN. M. III. (2007). Why body Psychotherapy: A conversation. Transactional Analysis Journal, 37, 256–262.
- DeutschH. (1934). Uber einen typus der pseudoaffektivitaet [More than one type of pseudoeffectiveness]. Internationale Zeitschriftför Ärztliche Psychoanalyse, 20, 323–335.
- DonnerS. (1991). The treatment process. In JacksonH. (Ed.), Using self psychology in Psychotherapy (pp. 51–70). Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
- DuncanB. L.MillerS. D.SparksJ. A. (2004). The heroic client: A revolutionary way to improve effectiveness through client-directed, outcome-informed therapy. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Embleton TudorL.KeemarK.TudorK.ValentineJ.WorrallM. (2004). The person-centred approach: A contemporary introduction. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave.
- ErskineR. G.MoursundJ. P.TrautmannR. L. (1999) Beyond empathy: A therapy of contact-in-relationship. New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel.
- ErskineR. G.TrautmannR. L. (1996). Methods of an integrative Psychotherapy. Transactional Analysis Journal, 26, 316–328.
- FiedlerF. E. (1949). A comparative investigation of early therapeutic relationships created by experts and non-experts of the psychoanalytic, non-directive, and Adlerian schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
- FiedlerF. E. (1950). The concept of an ideal therapeutic relationship. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 14, 239–245.
- FrankelM.SommerbeckL. (2005). Two Rogers and congruence: The emergence of therapist-centred therapy and the demise of client-centred therapy. In LevittB. (Ed.), Embracing non-directivity (pp. 40–61). Ross-on-Wye, England: PCCS Books.
- FreudS. (1955). Group psychology and the analysis of the ego. In StracheyJ. (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 18, pp. 67–143). London, England: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1920).
- FreudS. (1973). Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. In FreudS., The Pelican Freud library. Vol. 1: Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis (StracheyJ.RichardsA., Eds.; StracheyJ., Trans.) (pp. 31–517). Harmondsworth, England: Pelican. (Original work published 1916).
- FreudS. (1976). Jokes and their relation to the unconscious. In FreudS., The Pelican Freud library. Vol. 6: Jokes and their relation to the unconscious (StracheyJ.RichardsA., Eds.; StracheyJ., Trans.) (pp. 31–302). Harmondsworth, England: Pelican. (Original work published 1905).
- GrafC. L. (1984). A comparison of Carl Rogers' and Heinz Kohut's humanistic theories of the fully functioning person. In SegreraA. S. (Ed.), Proceedings of the first international forum on the person-centered approach. Oaxtepec, Mexico: Universidad Iberamericana.
- GreenbergL. S.ElliotR. (1997). Varieties of empathic responding. In BohartA. C.GreenbergL. S. (Eds.), Empathy reconsidered: New directions in psychotherapy (pp. 167–186). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- HargadenH.SillsC. (2002). Transactional analysis: A relational perspective. London, England: Routledge.
- HorneyK. (1999). Our inner conflicts: A constructive theory of neurosis. New York, NY: Norton. (Original work published 1945).
- HunsdahlJ. B. (1967). Concerning einfuhlung (empathy): A concept analysis of its origin and early development. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 3, 180–191.
- JacksonH. (Ed.). (1991). Using self psychology in psychotherapy. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
- JacobsonE. (1964). Self and the object world. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
- JaspersK. (1963). General psychopathology (HoenigJ.HamiltonM. W., Trans.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1913).
- KahnE. (1985). Heinz Kohut and Carl Rogers: A timely comparison. American Psychologist, 40, 893–904.
- KahnE. (1989a). Carl Rogers and Heinz Kohut. On the importance of valuing the “self.” In DettickD. W.DettickS. P. (Eds.), Self psychology: Comparisons and contrasts (pp. 213–228). Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
- KahnE. (1989b). Carl Rogers and Heinz Kohut: Toward a constructive collaboration. Psychotherapy, 26 (4), 555–563.
- KahnE. (1996). The intersubjective perspective and the client-centered approach: Are they one at their core?Psychotherapy, 33 (1), 30–42.
- KahnE.RachmanA. W. (2000). Carl Rogers and Heinz Kohut: A historical perspective. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 17 (2), 294–312.
- KeilW. W. (1996). Hermeneutic empathy in client-centered therapy. In EsserU.PabstH.SpeiererG-W. (Eds.), The power of the person-centered approach. New challenges-perspectives-answers (pp. 65–80). Köln, Germany: GwG.
- KohutH. (1959). Introspection, empathy and psycho-analysis: An examination of the relationship between modes of observation and theory. Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association, 7, 459–483.
- KohutH. (1977). The restoration of the self. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
- KohutH. (1978). The psychoanalyst in the community of scholars. In OrnsteinP. H. (Ed.), The search for self: Selected writings of H. Kohut: 1950–1978 (Vol. 1, pp. 685–724). New York, NY: International Universities Press.
- KohutH. (1981). On empathy. In OrnsteinP. H. (Ed.), The search for self (Vol. 4, pp. 525–535). New York, NY: International Universities Press.
- KohutH. (1982). Introspection, empathy, and the semi-circle of mental health. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 63, 395–407.
- KohutH. (1984). How does analysis cure? Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- LoewenthalD.SnellR. (2003). Post-modernism for psychotherapists. Hove, England: Brunner-Routledge.
- MaslowA. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
- MasseyR. F. (2007). Reexamining social psychiatry as a foundational framework for transactional analysis: Considering a social-psychological perspective. Transactional Analysis Journal, 37, 51–79.
- MearnsD.ThorneB. (2000). Person-centred therapy today: New frontiers in theory and practice. London, England: Sage.
- MillerI. J. (1989). The therapeutic empathic communication (TEC) process. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 4, 531–545.
- MillerS.HubbleM.DuncanB. (1995, March/April). No more bells and whistles. The Family Therapy Networker, 53–63.
- MitchellS. A. (2000). Relationality: From attachment to intersubjectivity. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
- MoisoC. (1999). Being and belonging: An appreciation and application of Berne's social psychiatry. The Script, 29 (9), 1.
- MoursundJ. P.ErskineR. G. (2004). Integrative psychotherapy: The art and science of relationship. New York, NY: Thomson/Wadsworth/Brooks/Cole.
- MyersS. (1999). Empathy: Is that what I hear you saying?Person-Centered Journal, 6 (2), 11–152.
- O'HaraM. (1997). Relational empathy: Beyond modernist geocentricism to postmodern holistic contextualism. In BohartA. C.GreenbergL. S. (Eds.), Empathy reconsidered: New directions in Psychotherapy (pp. 295–319). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- O'LearyE. (1993). Empathy in the person-centred and gestalt approaches. British Gestalt Journal, 2, 111–114.
- OrnsteinA. (1991). When the patient is demanding. In JacksonH. (Ed.), Using self psychology in Psychotherapy (pp. 153–166). Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
- PaytonO. D.MorrissR. L.BealeA. V. (1979). Effects of TA instruction on empathy, self-esteem, control. Transactional Analysis Journal, 9, 200–204.
- PigmanG. W. (1995). Freud and the history of empathy. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 76, 237–256.
- PirsigR. M. (1991). Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance: An inquiry into values. London, England: Vintage. (Original work published 1974).
- RogersC. R. (1942). Counseling and Psychotherapy: Newer concepts in practice. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
- RogersC. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy. London, England: Constable.
- RogersC. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 95–103.
- RogersC. R. (1959). A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships, as developed in the client-centered framework. In KochS. (Ed.), Psychology: A study of a science. Vol. 3: Formulation of the person and the social context (pp. 184–256). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
- RogersC. R. (1967a). Dealing with breakdowns in communication-interpersonal and intergroup. In RogersC. R., On becoming a person: A therapist's view of Psychotherapy (pp. 329–337). London, England: Constable. (Original work published 1952).
- RogersC. R. (1967b). On becoming a person: A therapist's view of Psychotherapy. London, England: Constable. (Original work published 1961).
- RogersC. R. (1967c). Toward a theory of creativity. In RogersC. R., On becoming a person: A therapist's view of Psychotherapy (pp. 347–359). London, England: Constable. (Original work published 1954).
- RogersC. R. (1980a). Empathic: An unappreciated way of being. In RogersC. R., A way of being (pp. 137–163). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. (Original work published 1975).
- RogersC. R. (1980b). In retrospect: Forty-six years. In RogersC. R., A way of being (pp. 46–69). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. (Original work published 1974).
- RogersC. R. (1980c). A way of being. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
- RogersC. R. (1986). Rogers, Kohut, and Erickson: A personal perspective on some similarities and differences. Person-Centered Review, 1 (2), 125–40.
- RogersC. R.RaskinN. J. (1989). Person-centered therapy. In CorsiniR. J.WeddingD. (Eds.), Current psychotherapies (pp. 155–194). Itasca, IL: Peacock.
- RothschildB.RandM. (2008). Help for the helper: The psychophysiology of compassion fatigue and vicarious trauma. New York, NY: Norton.
- SchmidP. S. (2001). Comprehension: The art of not knowing. Dialogical and ethical perspectives on empathy as dialogue in personal and person-centred relationships. In HaughS.MerryT. (Eds.), Empathy (pp. 53–71). Ross-on-Wye, England: PCCS Books.
- SchmidP. (2006). The challenge of the other: Towards dialogical person-centered Psychotherapy. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 5 (4), 240–254.
- ShadboltC. (2004). Homophobia and gay affirmative transactional analysis. Transactional Analysis Journal, 34, 113–125.
- SlavinM. O.KriegmanD. (1992). The adaptive design of the human psyche. New York, NY: Guilford.
- StarkM. (1999). Modes of therapeutic action. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
- SternD. N. (1985). The interpersonal world of the infant: A view from psychoanalysis and developmental psychology. New York, NY: Basic Books.
- SternD. N. (1998). The interpersonal world of the infant: A view from psychoanalysis and developmental psychology (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.
- SternD. N. (2004). The present moment: In Psychotherapy and everyday life. New York, NY: Norton.
- StolorowR. D. (1976). Psychoanalytic reflections on client-centered therapy in the light of modern conceptions of narcissism. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 13, 26–29.
- StolorowR. D. (1993). Thoughts on the nature and therapeutic action of psychoanalytic interpretation. In GoldbergA. (Ed.), The widening scope of self psychology: Progress in self psychology (Vol. 9, pp. 31–44). Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
- StolorowR. D.AtwoodG. E.BrandchaftB. (1992). Three realms of the unconscious and their therapeutic transformation. Psychoanalytic Review, 79, 25–30.
- StummG. (2002). The person-centered approach and self psychology. In WatsonJ. C.GoldmanR. N.WarnerM. S. (Eds.), Client-centered and experiential psychotherapy in the 21st century: Advances in theory, research and practice (pp. 108–126). Ross-on-Wye, England: PCCS Books.
- SullivanH. S. (1945). Conceptions of modern psychiatry. Washington, DC: W. A. White Foundation.
- SummersG. (2008). TAJdisk v.3 [CD]. Available from http://www.tajdisk.co.uk.
- SummersG.TudorK. (2000). Cocreative transactional analysis. Transactional Analysis Journal, 30, 23–40.
- SummersG.TudorK. (2005). Introducing cocreative TA. Retrieved 16 February 2011 from http://www.Cocreativecoaching.co.uk/downloads/downloads.php.
- ThwaitesR.Bennett-LevyJ. (2007). Conceptualizing empathy in cognitive behaviour therapy: Making the implicit explicit. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 35, 591–612.
- TobinS. A. (1991). A comparison of psychoanalytic self psychology and Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 30, 9–33.
- TroppJ. L.StolorowR. D. (1997). Therapeutic empathy: An intersubjective perspective. In BohartA. C.GreenbergL. S. (Eds.), Empathy reconsidered: New directions in Psychotherapy (pp. 279–291). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- TudorK. (1997). Counselling and Psychotherapy: An issue of orientation. ITA News, 47, 40–42.
- TudorK. (2003). The neopsyche: The integrating adult ego state. In SillsC.HargadenH. (Eds.), Ego states (Key concepts in transactional analysis: Contemporary views) (pp. 201–231). London, England: Worth Publishing.
- TudorK. (2008b). Verbal being: From being human to human being. In LevittB. (Ed.), Reflections on human potential: Bridging the person-centred approach and positive psychology (pp. 68–83). Ross-on-Wye, England: PCCS Books.
- TudorK. (2010, 3 July). Psyche and society: Social and personal effectiveness. Paper presented at the 9th Wold Conference for Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapy and Counselling, Rome, Italy.
- TudorK. (in press). Empathy reconsidered: A cocreative perspective. Transactional Analysis Journal.
- TudorK.MerryT. (2002) Dictionary of person-centred psychology. London, England: Whurr.
- TudorK.WorrallM. (2006). Person-centred therapy: A clinical philosophy. London, England: Routledge.
- Van BelleH. A. (2005). Philosophical roots of person-centered therapy in the history of western thought. The Person-Centered Journal, 12 (1–2), 50–60.
- van KesselW.van der LindenP. (1993). Die aktuelle beziehung in der klientenzentrierten psychotherapie [The here-and-now relationship in client-centered therapy]. GwG-Zeitschrift, 90, 19–32.
- WarnerM. S. (1997). Does empathy cure? A theoretical consideration of empathy, processing and personal narrative. In BohartA. C.GreenbergL. S. (Eds.), Empathy reconsidered: New directions in psychotherapy (pp. 125–140). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- WarnerM. S. (2000). Person-centred therapy at the difficult edge: A developmentally based model of fragile and dissociated process. In MearnsD.ThorneB., Person-centred therapy today: Newfrontiers in theory and practice (pp. 144–171). London, England: Sage.
- WexlerD. A. (1974). A cognitive theory of experiencing, self-actualization and therapeutic process. In WexlerD. A.RiceL. N. (Eds.), Innovations in client-centered therapy (pp. 49–116). New York, NY: Wiley.
- WilkinsP. (2003). Person-centred therapy in focus. London, England: Sage.
- WinnicottD. W. (1965). The maturational processes and the facilitating environment: Studies in the theory of emotional development. London: Hogarth Press/ Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
- WoodJ. K. (2008). Carl Rogers' person-centered approach: Toward an understanding of its implications. Ross-on-Wye, England: PCCS Books.

29
Views
8
CrossRef citations
Altmetric
Article
Understanding Empathy
Pages 39-57
Published online: 28 Dec 2017
Article
Understanding Empathy
People also read
Graeme Summers et al.
Transactional Analysis Journal
Volume 30, 2000 - Issue 1
Published online: 28 Dec 2017
Vladimir Goussakovski et al.
Transactional Analysis Journal
Volume 47, 2017 - Issue 2
Published online: 28 Dec 2017
Marco Mazzetti
Transactional Analysis Journal
Volume 40, 2010 - Issue 3-4
Published online: 28 Dec 2017
Barbara D. Clark
Transactional Analysis Journal
Volume 21, 1991 - Issue 2
Published online: 28 Dec 2017