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Educational Application

The Integrative Classroom

Pages 241-246
Published online: 28 Dec 2017
 
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Eric Berne (1966) identified eight therapeutic operations that are useful in teaching people how to change. This article demonstrates how these operations, including interrogation, specification, confrontation, explanation, illustration, confirmation, interpretation, and crystallization, can be applied to teaching school. A ninth operation, direction, is also utilized (Erskine, 1982). Similarities between the therapeutic process and the teaching process will be explained in relation to learning.

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Author information

Larry Pickett

Larry Pickett, M.Ed., RMCT, is a teacher at Bordentown Regional High School and a therapist at the Burlington Center for Human Growth in Pemberton, New Jersey, U.S.A., where he works with individuals, groups, and families.