Abstract
Violence is multidetermined, the outcome of individual, family, and cultural factors. This article draws attention to the importance of some basic functions of the living organism that can lead to aggression and violence as well as to the processes of internalization, reenactment, poor problem solving, and societal narrative. It also presents an expanded conceptualization of discounting and passivity. Because early-onset violence has been shown to have a poorer prognosis than violence that begins later in life, emphasis is placed on early childhood. The article ends with a typology of prevention and control.